The hazardous air quality poses severe health risks, including reduced lung function and heightened chances of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, children, elderly individuals, and those with pre-existing conditions like asthma or heart disease are at greater risk. Exposure to polluted air during pregnancy has been linked to complications such as premature delivery and low birth weight. Dense fog and cold temperatures may exacerbate respiratory issues, particularly in northern India.